Have you ever entered an action-pistol match? What about IDPA or USPSA? Well, imagine a challenge much like the former but with three guns instead of just one. That’s what 3-Gun competition matches are!
Getting Into 3-Gun Competition
Like other action shooting sports, in 3-Gun competition you tackle a series of stages. You navigate a particular course of fire on each and engage targets of various types. The difference is that you’ll use your rifle, shotgun and handgun throughout the match—sometimes two or more on the same stage. There are different types of targets for each type of weapon, from paper to steel targets to flying clays. There are even specialty targets, which move, spin, rotate and disappear from view; this increases the challenge, as well as your stress level.
For example, at a 3-Gun match, you might start with your pistol holstered. At the buzzer, you draw your gun and engage numerous paper and steel targets; you do this while working around barricades and other obstacles. Reaching a doorway, you safely abandon your pistol in a drop bucket and pick up your rifle, staged at the doorway. Moving through the doorway, you shoot paper targets through windows on either side of a hallway. Emerging from the hallway, you finish by engaging paper targets hidden behind clusters of blue barrels.
Another 3-Gun scenario starts with your trusty shotgun in hand. You shoot several steel targets at 50 to 75 yards with slugs. Then, switching to birdshot, you fire at a series of steel pepper popper targets. The steel targets fall down and launch a clay bird up in the air, which you must shoot before it hits the ground.
You reload your shotgun as you move forward and shoot several other arrays of steel and clay targets scattered behind barricades and barrels. After you safely leave your shotgun in a dump barrel, you retrieve your pre-staged rifle and run to another shooting position with steps up to a platform, engaging several close-range paper targets along the way. Leaping onto the platform, you settle in and shoot 10-inch steel targets 200 to 375 yards away. If this doesn’t get your blood pumping, check yourself—you might need one of those little blue pills.
Three Times the Fun
Three-gun has a long and proud history of large matches with their own particular flavor in various parts of the country, drawing in competitors from around the nation. Similarly, many local clubs put on 3-Gun matches, each with their own flair. Rules and equipment divisions can vary from one to another.
One organization, 3-Gun Nation (3GN), brings even more attention to the sport with large cash prizes, televised coverage and its Pro and Regional series matches and club affiliations across the country. 3GN has its own brand of fast and furious stages, and yet another set of rules. There are also 2-gun matches, which dispense with the shotgun and focus on rifle and pistol; the U.S. Carbine Association (USCA) is just one example.
The Divisions
When getting started with 3-Gun matches, we advise that you simply run what you’ve brung (see the sidebar for more on this). Until you have more matches under your belt, you won’t really know what equipment will work best for you. It does, however, help to have a sense of what equipment division you’d like to participate in. To maintain a more level playing field, competitors with similar types of gear are grouped and ranked together. Given the prevalence of outlaw matches with slightly different rules, we present the following as a general guideline. Check your own matches for specifics.
Tactical Optics
The most popular division, Tactical Optics (similar divisions have slightly different names depending on the match), is jam-packed with meat eaters and is usually the most competitive. A rifle can only have one optic (a magnified scope or a red dot plus a magnifier), no bipod and a reasonably sized compensator. Offset iron sights are allowed. The shotgun must be a conventional tube-fed system with iron sights and no porting; magazine capacity limitations may vary. Your handgun can generally be similar to a Limited class handgun in USPSA—iron sights, no compensation—but otherwise can be customized.
Limited
A Limited division rifle is similar to the Tactical Optics specs, except it’s restricted to either iron sights or an unmagnified (1x) optic, such as an Aimpoint or EOTech red-dot sight. Shotgun and handgun rules are usually shared with Tactical Optics.
Open
Open division is pretty much unrestricted. You can bolt just about anything you want on your rifle, your shotgun can be a red-dot-topped, magazine-fed marvel that belches fire, and your pistol will probably have a huge compensator and a red-dot sight as well.
Heavy Metal
Heavy Metal typically refers to equipment divisions where the rifle must be at least 7.62mm in caliber, shotguns are 12-gauge pumps and handguns are .45 ACP, like John Moses Browning intended. And with all that manly gear, you shoot the same stages that other guys are running their powder-puff .223s and 9mm race guns on. There’s a reason some 3-Gun matches call this the “He-Man” division.
3-Gun Competition Equipment — RIFLE
Any mag-fed semi-auto rifle (or modern sporting rifle, if you prefer the latest jargon) can be used to great effect. However, .223 AR-15 platform rifles have elevated it to a fine art and are ubiquitous at 3-Gun matches. There are numerous companies refining almost every component in an AR-15 to customize your rifle for optimal 3-Gun use. The only limitation is your pocketbook. Key 3-Gun rifle considerations include:
Barrel/Ammo
If you typically encounter long-range targets at your 3-Gun matches, match-quality barrels and match ammunition are very welcome advantages. For example, a 10-inch target at 350 yards is less than 3 MOA, so it’s helpful to have a rifle and ammo capable of 1 MOA. Many 3-Gun competitors will run cheap ammo for close-range stages and switch to premium ammo for precise targets. That being said, a 2- to 3-MOA system is perfectly serviceable, and you can upgrade as you get more serious about the sport.
Optics/Sights
Quality optics or sights (depending on the division you intend to compete in) are very important. For magnified optics, low-power variable zooms such as 1-6x and 1-4x scopes dominate the sport. Reticle design is critical, as you will typically zero your rifle at a particular distance, such as 200 yards, then hold over (i.e., aim high) to engage targets that are farther away. The reticle needs to provide reference points below the center crosshairs for you to aim with for long-range targets. Additionally, a reticle with daylight illumination or a design that is easy to pick up lets you quickly engage close targets. The former feature usually comes with a high price tag, but a 1x with bright illumination essentially works as well as a red-dot sight.
Open division competitors generally supplement their magnified optic with an offset-mounted mini red-dot sight so they can simply roll the gun a bit in their shoulder and use the red dot for close targets. For iron-sight shooters, quality fixed iron sights with maximum sight radius are most effective. And for red dots, you’ll typically see a variety of models represented.
Trigger
A good trigger enables noticeably easier precise shots without disturbing your aim. Many also make it a cinch to rip off lightning-fast double-taps.
Muzzle Device/Operating System
Given their obnoxious muzzle blast, compensators won’t win you any friends with neighbors on the firing line. However, they are very effective at reducing recoil and minimizing muzzle movement between shots. In addition, the particulars of your operating system also affect the recoil impulse. For example, direct impingement AR-15s tend to be smoother than piston guns. Moreover, for direct-impingement ARs, 18-inch barrels with rifle-length gas systems, 16-inch barrels with intermediate gas systems and 14.5-inch barrels with mid-length gas systems generally provide the nicest recoil.
You can take things even further by utilizing adjustable gas blocks, lightened bolt carrier groups and lighter buffer systems to reduce the reciprocating mass in your AR-15. To be sure, AR-15s hardly have stout felt recoil to begin with. However, when you’re trying to put two shots on a paper target as quickly as possible or to see your impacts through your scope at 300 yards to adjust your aim, these enhancements really make a difference.
Ergonomics
There are almost limitless combinations of handguards, buttstocks, grips and so on that you can choose from to make sure your rifle fits your needs rather than the other way around.
Magazines
It’s very helpful to have a selection of different types of magazines; that includes smaller 20-round options to extended ones with capacities well in excess of 30 rounds. For example, depending on the particular stage design, an extended magazine could allow you to avoid needing to reload on the clock, while a shorter 20-rounder might allow you to lock in a good supported shooting position on a slanted surface like a rooftop. Two magazines cinched together can also act as a very stable monopod while shooting from prone.
3-Gun Competition Equipment — SHOTGUN
The most common shotguns used in 3-Gun matches are traditional semi-automatic, tube-fed shotguns that have been modified for the sport. Pump-action shotguns are also used in Heavy Metal as well as magazine-fed shotguns in Open. Almost all are 12 gauge, though you might run across a 20 gauge from time to time. The Benelli M2, the FN SLP, the Remington Versa Max and the Mossberg 930 are popular, as well as new offerings from Beretta and Stoeger (1301 and M3K, respectively).
Delving into the intricacies of Open division shotguns is a complicated topic. However, some of the main characteristics of tube-fed 3-Gun shotguns include:
Vent Rib Barrel
Traditional shotgun targets, such as flying clays, play a big part in the game, so shooters confiture their shotguns appropriately. You’ll most often find longer vent rib barrels at the matches (usually 21 to 24 inches). Additionally, many shooters add a rear sight to their vent rib to dial in a zero for their slugs; having a good slug zero is also important in most of the 3-Gun matches.
Extended Magazine Tube
You’ll generally want as much magazine capacity (i.e., 10, 11, 12) as allowed by the rules of your matches. And, yes, it will start to look absurd, like you’re getting ready for a pole vault.
Extended Shell Carrier/Beveled Loading Gate
Given how much longer it typically takes to load your shotgun than to actually shoot it, reloading your shotgun quickly and efficiently is a crucial skill; it can make or break your scores on certain stages. Combined with shotgun shell caddies that are specifically designed for particular reloading techniques, customizing your shotgun’s loading gate, shell carrier and other internal parts goes a long way to achieving this.
Interchangeable Chokes
As you get more serious about 3-Gun competition, you’ll likely appreciate the ability to select specific types of chokes for different stages—tighter chokes for tougher targets farther away, wider chokes for flying clays and close targets.
Enhanced Controls
Extended bolt handles, carrier releases, safeties and other doodads are all available to put the finishing touches on your 3-Gun shotgun. None are mandatory, but they’re certainly nice to have.
3-Gun Competition Equipment — Handgun
At many 3-Gun matches, handguns play a bit of second fiddle. So many more action pistol matches are available to shoot that many folks prefer to emphasize the other weapons at a 3-Gun match. Still, you can’t neglect your pistol work. Any handgun that serves you well at a USPSA or IDPA match will do just fine for 3-Gun. The 9mm is usually the caliber of choice. Why? Because there aren’t any power-factor rules to worry about and you can fit more of them in a magazine. Striker-fired guns like Glocks and Smith & Wesson M&Ps are very common and easy to abandon safely, while the big boys tend to run custom double-stack 2011 beauties. Key handgun considerations include:
Good Sights & Trigger
Quality sights help with precise shots. The more demanding of accuracy your particular match, the more you should consider sights conducive to that (such as thinner front sight posts). Similarly, a good, crisp trigger is valuable, too.
Extended Magazine Capacity
The less frequently you need to reload, the better, so large-capacity magazines with extended basepads are commonplace.
Secure Holster
There can be a lot of running about in 3-gun competition. So you want to secure that blaster, lest it fall out and you get sent home for a safety violation.
Final Thoughts
A common requirement across all of these platforms is reliability. As much as your tacti-cool buddies might denigrate competition-focused weapons, if you have a malfunction on the clock during a match, it could cost you dearly in the standings. Competitors need reliable guns just as much as anyone else. However, that being said, as a competitor, you know exactly what ammo you’re feeding your weapon and the conditions you’ll be facing, so you can tune your weapon to function optimally without needing to account for the wider extremes that you might need in a duty gun.
The bottom line is that many folks say 3-Gun competition is the most fun you can have with your clothes on. We heartily agree. Give it try. Even if you don’t have all the right equipment, just grab what you’ve got and head out to the range. Three-gunners are a friendly bunch. You’ll find squad mates gladly lending you gear to get you started. Once you get hooked (and we suspect you will), you’ll have plenty of time to buy your own.
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